Evolution of automobile powertrains, Overview of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric vehicles, Comparison with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, Global and Bangladesh EV market overview, Environmental and economic benefits of EVs, Basic automotive systems and components, Vehicle dynamics and performance parameters, Powertrain layouts: series, parallel, and series-parallel hybrid, Energy flow and efficiency analysis, Types of electric motors: DC, BLDC, PMSM, Induction, Working principles and characteristics, Motor controllers and inverters, Regenerative braking and torque control, Battery chemistry (Li-ion, NiMH, Lead-Acid, etc.), Battery design, capacity, and specifications, Battery Management System (BMS), Charging and discharging cycles, Safety and thermal management, DC-DC converters, inverters, and rectifiers, Control architecture for hybrid and EV systems, Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), Communication networks (CAN bus, LIN bus), Hybrid configurations: micro, mild, full, and plug-in, Power splitting devices and transmission systems, Energy management strategies, Case studies (Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive, Honda IMA, etc.), Types of charging (Level 1, Level 2, DC fast charging), On-board and off-board chargers , Charging standards (CCS, CHAdeMO, GB/T), Smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, EV infrastructure in Bangladesh
